Why the South Adopted Camellias

Camellias might originally be from Asia but have definitely become a Southern staple. When you think of traditional southern landscapes, camellias are right up there with azaleas, dog woods, hydrangeas and magnolias. So, why would the South want to adopt this plant from half way around the world as our very own?

Let’s begin to answer that question by first considering when camellias bloom. Generally, the Camellia sasanqua varieties bloom from fall into winter and Camellia japonica varieties bloom from winter into spring. This makes them the perfect plant to brighten up the landscape around Thanksgiving, Christmas, and through winter when many other plants are looking gloomy. The blooms of the numerous varieties display in an array of different colors and styles that are sure to make a bold statement in the landscape. Camellias are also evergreen and can be found in several different growth habits, from weeping 2-3ft tall to upright 10ft tall plus.

Most camellias prefer filtered sun or full morning sun with afternoon shade. Japonica and sasanqua camellias may adapt to full sun but is not considered ideal for them. Of the two types, sasanquas handle full sun better, while japonicas handle full shade better.

When considering a planting sight, camellias prefer well drained soil and should not be planted where water stands or saturates the soil for long periods of time. Be sure to plant camellias by digging the hole 2 to 3 times wider than the root ball. If soil conditions are sandy and well drained, place the top of the root ball ½ inch higher than the ground level surrounding it. If soil conditions are more prone to hold water and on the heavy clay side, place the top of the root ball 1-2 inches higher than the ground level surrounding it. Do not cover the top of the root ball with soil.  This will allow feeder roots necessary breathing room and will help prevent over saturation, which could be detrimental to the plant. Be sure to put some type of mulch around the base of the camellia to help shade the roots from sun scald and to lock in moisture. Camellias tend to prefer a slightly lower soil PH level of 5 to 6; but have performed well in a PH level between 6 and 7.

Newly planted camellias will need regular watering, and especially during times of drought and/or extreme heat. The frequency and volume of water will depend on the site, soil and weather conditions. After a few years, established camellias are very drought resistant. If trimming is necessary, be sure to do so within 1-2 months after they bloom to be sure you’re not cutting off next year’s blooms. Finally, use a low nitrogen fertilizer when feeding, since camellias are not aggressive growers and are sensitive to nitrogen burn.

So, it makes sense why the south would adopt camellias with such enthusiasm.  They offer the charm, elegance, and durability to thrive in our landscapes and to reflect what we ourselves hold dear.

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